Size of the lower third molar space in relation to age in Serbian population

Background/Aim. It is considered that the shortage of space is the major cause of the third molar impaction. The aim of this study was to establish the frequency of insufficient lower third molar eruption space in Serbian population, to question the differences in this frequency in the subjects of different age, to determine the influence of the lower third molar space (retromolar space) size on third molar eruption, and to investigate a possible correlation between the size of gonial angle and the space/third molar width ratio. Methods. Digital orthopantomograms were taken from 93 patients divided into two groups: early adult (16-18 years of age) and adult (18-26) patients. Retromolar space, mesiodistal third molar crown width, gonial angle and eruption levels were measured. Results. The space/third molar width in early adult subjects was smaller (p < 0.0001) and insufficient space was significantly more frequent (p = 0.0003) than in adult patients. Considerably more third molars erupted in case of enough space in both age groups (p < 0.0001). There was no difference between the means of gonial angle size in relations to the available space. Conclusions. The retromolar space/third molar width ratio is more favorable in adult subjects. Gonial angle is not in correlation with the retromolar space/third molar width ratio. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 45005

Promena parametara anfasa nakon ortodontske terapije malokluzije II klase

Introduction The aim was to evaluate the difference in en-face anthropometric facial parameters and proportions of patients with Class II malocclusion, before and after orthodontic treatment as well as changes in linear parameters and facial proportions and their deviation from ideal values. Material and method In this study, en-face photographs before and after the treatment of 50 Class II malocclusion patients were used. Patients were divided in two groups; first group comprised 25 patients treated with multibracket appliance with extractions, and second group included 25 patients treated without extractions, using fixed functional Herbst and multibracket appliance. On each and every photo before and after the treatment facial points and lines were drawn, and linear parameters were determined, based on those markers. Results showed change in anthropometric parameters in both groups of patients. Statistically significant difference was found for parameters in the middle and lower facial third. Facial proportions changed after the treatment in both groups and they approached ideal values and golden proportion 1:1.618 in the lower facial third. Conclusion Patients with Class II, division 1 malocclusion, deviate from an ideal set of proportions, particularly in the lower facial third. After the orthodontic treatment, anthropometric parameters in the lower facial third were approaching ideal values.Uvod Cilj ovog rada bio je da se antropometrijskim merenjem fotografija anfasa pacijenata pre i posle ortodontske terapije malokluzije II klase, 1. odeljenja, utvrde promene linearnih parametara i proporcija, kao i njihovo odstupanje od idealnih vrednosti. Materijal i metod U istraživanju su korišćene fotografije anfasa 50 pacijenata pre i posle ortodontske terapije. Pacijenti su podeljeni u dve grupe, od kojih je jedna lečena ekstrakcionom (fiksni aparati sa intermaksilarnim gumicama II klase), a druga neekstrakcionom (fiksni aparati sa fiksnim funkcionalnim Herbst aparatom) metodom terapije malokluzije II klase. Na fotografijama su, nakon iscrtavanja mekotkivnih tačaka, mereni linearni parametri: podela lica na horizontalne trećine, dužina i širina lica, kao i set linearnih proporcija koji su u odnosu idealnih proporcija. Rezultati Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su da je kod obe grupe pacijenata došlo do promene u antropometrijskim parametrima srednje i donje trećine lica. Dobijena razlika bila je statistički značajna (Sig lt 0,01). Kod obe grupe pacijenata dobijena je razlika u odnosu linearnih parametara prema setu idealnih proporcija, naročito u donjoj trećini lica, u kojoj se taj odnos približio idealnim vrednostima i proporciji 1 : 1,618. Zaključak Pacijenti sa malokluzijama II klase, 1. odeljenja, odstupaju od idealnih vrednosti facijalnih proporcija, pogotovo u donjoj trećini lica. Nakon završene ortodontske terapije vrednosti antropometrijskih parametara u donjoj trećini lica se približavaju idealnim vrednostima, u obe grupe pacijenata

Clinical effects of fixed functional Herbst appliance in the treatment of class II/1 malocclusion

Introduction. Sagittal mandible deficiency is the most common cause of skeletal Class II malocclusion. Treatment objective is to stimulate sagittal mandible growth. Fixed functional Herbst appliance use is beneficial for shortening the time required for treatment and does not depend on patient compliance. Case outline. A 13-year-old girl was referred to the Clinic of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry in Belgrade following previous unsuccessful treatment of her skeletal Class II malocclusion using an activator. The patient's poor cooperation had led to failure of the treatment. Patient was subjected to the Herbst treatment for 6 months followed by fixed appliance for another 8 months. Lateral cephalograms before and after the treatment was performed. The remodelation of condylar and fossal articulation was assessed by superimposition of pre- and post-treatment temporomandibular joint tomograms. The promotion of oral hygiene and fluoride use was performed because orthodontic treatment carries a high caries risk and risk for periodontal disease. Skeletal and dental changes were observed after treatment (correction [Max+Mand]: molar relation 7 mm, overjet 8 mm, skeletal relation 5 mm, molars 2 mm, incisors 3 mm). Combination of Herbst and fixed appliances was effective in the treatment of dental and skeletal irregularities for a short period of time. Conclusion . In the retention period, 14 months after treatment, occlusal stability exists. Follow-up care in oral prevention is based on regular recalls at the dental office and supervision at home by the parents

Typology of the supply chains of non-wood forest products in central Serbia

Modern economies are characterized by a growing importance of cooperation and the creation of networks of enterprises, organizations and institutions, which are all part of a supply chain, in order to achieve competitive advantage in a market. The aim of this study was to determine the structure of the supply chains of non-wood forest products in selected forest areas of Central Serbia (Golijsko, Podrinjsko-kolubarsko, Posavsko-podunavsko, Rasinsko and Tarsko-zlatiborsko FAs). The comparative method was applied in this paper, along with the method of specialization (classification), the method of structural partial analysis (supply chain analysis) and the statistical method (analysis of frequencies and two-step cluster). The data collection was conducted in 2011, by using the technique of door-to-door survey. The analysis of the basic types of the supply chains of non-wood forest products and their main stages (purchasing, processing and placement) was conducted in the selected areas. A cluster analysis showed that there were six basic types of supply chains in the selected forest areas and one dominant type. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 443007/16 –III: Istraživanja klimatskih promena i njihovog uticaja na životnu sredinu -praćenje uticaja, adaptacija i ublažavanje, podprojekat: Socio-ekonomski razvoj, ublažavanje i adaptacija na klimatske promene

Mogućnosti kompjuterske simulacije ortognatske hirurške procedure u terapiji nepravilnosti II skeletne klase

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities for computer-aided orthognathic surgery in the treatment of class II malocclusions. Materials and methods: Twelve patients treated at the Dept. of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Belgrade, were included in the study. Profile cephalometric analyses of all patients were conducted before and after the treatment. The first step was the profile cephalometric analysis before the treatment using the computer software Nemotec dental studio NX2005 and the second step was the computer-aided simulation using the same software. Results: The difference in the results was found in the soft-tissue analysis, which can be explained by the possibility of observing the instant changes in patients' profiles during the simulation of surgical treatment. Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study, it can be concluded that the computer-aided simulation provides a faster approach, a possibility to educate patients before the surgical treatment and a better clinician-patient communication.Cilj: Cilj ovog istraživanja je bio da se ispitaju mogućnosti kompjuterske simulacije hirurške procedure u terapiji nepravilnosti II skeletne klase. Materijal i metod: U ovom istraživanju obuhvaćeno je 12 pacijenata Klinike za Ortopediju vilica, Stomatološkog fakulteta u Beogradu. Korišćene su fotografije i profilni snimci glave svih pacijenata pre i posle završene terapije. Prva faza istraživanja podrazumevala je analiziranje profilnih snimaka glave pre terapije pomoću kompjuterskog programa Nemotec dental studio NX2005, a druga faza istraživanja podrazumevala je simulaciju hirurške terapije pomoću jedne od opcija koje ovaj kompjuterski program nudi. Rezultati: Razlika u rezultatima pre i posle kompjuterske simulacije dobijena je u analizi mekotkivnog profila upravo zbog mogućnosti posmatranja promena pacijentovog profila tokom simulacije hirurške metode. Zaključak: Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata može se zaključiti da kompjuterska simulacija pruža brži pristup informacijama, korisna je za edukaciju pacijenata sa mogućnostima hirurške intervencije i naravno, poboljšava komunikaciju kliničara sa pacijentima

Terapija malokluzije II klase 1. Odelenja pomoću Herbst aparata

In this case was described the treatment in 14.5 years old female patient with II/1 class of malocclusion. On the base of clinical findings, study cast analysis, analysis of orthopan and profile cephalograms, there were assess II/1 class of malocclusion with deep bite, bimaxilar protrusion of frontal teeth and mild crowding in lower jaw. Patient was inefficacy treated by Andresen’s activator for two years. This occasion and patients age was reason to continue with the therapy by Herbst appliance for 6 months and fixed appliance 7 months more. By Herbst appliance was corrected sagital relation between jaws in very short treatment time and continuing treatment with fixed appliance was corrected intermaxilar teeth relation.U ovom radu je prikazana terapija sprovedena kod pacijenta ženskog pola, uzrasta 14.5 godina, sa malokluzijom II klase 1. odelenja. Na osnovu kliničkog nalaza, morfološke analize sprovedene na studijskim modelima, analize ortopantomografskog i profilnog kefalometrijskog snimka, utvrđeno je da se radi o malokluziji II klase 1. odelenja , sa dubokim preklopom, protruzijom frontalnih zuba obe vilice i blagom teskobom u donjem zubnom nizu. Pacijent je bio u terapiji pomoću aktivatora po Andresen-u oko 2 godine ali bez značajnog uspeha. S obzirom na ovu okolnost i uzrast pacijenta, nastavljena je terapija pomoću Herbst aparata 6 meseci, i fiksnog aparata još 7 meseci. Herbst aparatom je u kratkom periodu korigovan sagitalni odnos vilica, nakon čega je fiksnim aparatom samo postignut pravilan međuvilični i unutar niza odnos zuba

En-face parameters change after orthodontic treatment of class II malocclusion

Introduction The aim was to evaluate the difference in en-face anthropometric facial parameters and proportions of patients with Class II malocclusion, before and after orthodontic treatment as well as changes in linear parameters and facial proportions and their deviation from ideal values. Material and method In this study, en-face photographs before and after the treatment of 50 Class II malocclusion patients were used. Patients were divided in two groups; first group comprised 25 patients treated with multibracket appliance with extractions, and second group included 25 patients treated without extractions, using fixed functional Herbst and multibracket appliance. On each and every photo before and after the treatment facial points and lines were drawn, and linear parameters were determined, based on those markers. Results showed change in anthropometric parameters in both groups of patients. Statistically significant difference was found for parameters in the middle and lower facial third. Facial proportions changed after the treatment in both groups and they approached ideal values and golden proportion 1:1.618 in the lower facial third. Conclusion Patients with Class II, division 1 malocclusion, deviate from an ideal set of proportions, particularly in the lower facial third. After the orthodontic treatment, anthropometric parameters in the lower facial third were approaching ideal values

Primena ibuprofena u suzbijanju postoperacionog bola u stomatologiji

Postoperative pain is common complication after daily dental care. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are among most widely prescribed analgesics for management of postoperative pain. The analgesic effect of a non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) is related to its ability to inhibit prostaglandin synthesis. Ibuprofen (2-proprionic acid derivate) was discovered in the 1960s as a representative of NSAIDs. It is a peripherally acting analgesic with a potent anti-inflammatory action. An extensive retrospective analysis of randomized clinical trials conducted over the last 40 years demonstrated that ibuprofen is effective in moderate to severe postoperative pain for different indications in dentistry. In comparison to other NSAIDs, ibuprofen is characterized by its efficiency, safety and good tolerance. The aim of this article was to present the most important pharmacological and therapeutic characteristics and side effects of ibuprofen used for postoperative pain treatment in dentistry.Bol koji se javi nakon hirurške intervencije je vrlo česta komplikacija u svakodnevnoj stomatološkoj praksi. U suzbijanju (lečenju) postoperacionog bola najčešće se prepisuju nesteroidni antiinflamatorni lekovi (NSAIL). Njihov analgetski efekat se zasniva, pre svega, na sprečavanju sinteze prostaglandina. Ibuprofen (derivat 2-propionske kiseline) je predstavnik velike grupe NSAIL, a otkriven je 1960. godine. Ovaj analgetik deluje na periferne nervne završetke s izrazitim protivupalnim efektom. Opsežna retrospektivna analiza randomiziranih kliničkih istraživanja u proteklih 40 godina pokazala je da je ibuprofen efikasan u suzbijanju umerenog i izraženog postoperacionog bola kod različitih indikacija. Osim efikasnosti, ibuprofen se odlikuje dobrom podnošljivošću i sigurnošću u poređenju sa drugim NSAIL. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se ukaže na najznačajnije farmakološke i terapeutske odlike, kao i neželjena dejstva ibuprofena u lečenju postoperacionog bola pri različitim indikacijama u stomatologiji

Promene krivine vratne kičme i morfologije cervikalnih pršljenova u različitim uzrastima i mogućnost procene skeletne zrelosti

Introduction During growth, proportions of craniofacial and cervical structures are changed. Craniofacial and cervicovertebral structures are morphologically and functionally connected, but their each other's influence is still unknown. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the changes in cervical lordosis and cervicovertebral morphology in different age periods and the possibility of estimating skeletal maturity, based on the percentage of anterior cervical vertebrae body height sum in the total anterior C2-C5 height. Methods The study included lateral radiographs of 120 patients of both sexes, divided into three different age groups: eight, 12-13 and 17-18 years of age. Five craniofacial and 15 cervical parameters were measured and analyzed. Results The results showed significant correlation between cervical lordosis angle and age, gender, anterior and posterior body height of C3, C4, C5, anterior C4-C5 and posterior C2-C3, C3-C4, C4-C5 intervertebral space, anterior body height of C2-C5. Overall values of all cervical body heights were more present in the total height of the spine in females, while all intervertebral spaces were more present in males. The percentage of anterior and posterior C2, C3, C4, C5 body height sum compared to total C2-C5 height increases with age. Conclusion The cervical lordosis becomes more curved and vertebral bodies occupy more space in females, while intervertebral spaces occupy more in males. Skeletal maturity could be estimated following vertebral percentage distribution in the total anterior C2-C5 part.Uvod Tokom rasta proporcije kraniofacijalnih i cervikovertebralnih struktura se menjaju. Ove strukture su morfološki i funkcionalno povezane, ali je njihov međusobni uticaj i dalje nepoznat. Cilj rada Cilj ove studije je bio da se uoče promene krivine vratne kičme i morfologije vratnih pršljenova u različitim uzrasnim grupama, kao i mogućnost procene skeletne zrelosti zasnovane na procentualnoj zastupljenosti zbira prednjih visina vratnih pršljenova C2, C3, C4 i C5 u ukupnoj dužini prednje visine kičme od C2 do C5. Metode rada Studija je obuhvatila 120 ispitanika oba pola koji su svrstani u tri starosne grupe: 8, 12-13 i 17-18 godina. Pet kranijalnih i 15 cervikalnih parametara je mereno i analizirano. Rezultati Rezultati su pokazali statistički značajnu korelaciju između zakrivljenosti vratne kičme i godina, pola, prednje i zadnje visine tela pršljena C2, C3, C4, prednjeg C4-C5 i zadnjeg C2-C3, C3-C4, C4-C5 međupršljenskog prostora. Prosečne vrednosti visine tela vratnih pršljenova procentualno su bile češće kod ispitanica, a svi međupršljenski prostori kod osoba muškog pola. Procenat zbira prednje i zadnje visine pršljena C2, C3, C4 i C5 povećavao se sa godinama. Zaključak Krivina vratne kičme postaje zakrivljenija i tela pršljenova zauzimaju više prostora kod žena, a međupršljenski prostor više kod muškaraca. Procena skeletne zrelosti bi mogla da se prati na osnovu procentualne zastupljenosti visine tela pršljena u ukupnoj dužini prednjeg dela kičme (C2-C5)

Orthodontic treatment of nongrowing patient with class II division 2 malocclusion by Herbst appliance

Background. Inheritance is most casual etiological factor of Class II division 2 malocclusion. This kind of malocclusion is very difficult for treatment specially in older patients. Case report. In the female patient, 20 years old, at the beginning of the treatment at the School of Dentistry in Belgrade, lateral cephalogram showed skeletal and dentoalveolar Class II division 2 malocclusion. She was in the Herbst treatment for 8 months and 12 months more with a fixed multibracket appliance. The measurements were performed on lateral cephalograms before and after the treatment: ii, is, mi, ms, Pg and ss. The distance from these points to occlusal perpendicular line (Olp) were measured and compared from cephalogram before to cephalogram after the treatment. Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) tomograms were compared from before and after the treatment by superimposition. Correction was found in molar and incisor relation, overjet and overbite. There were found sagital skeletal changes and soft tissue profile improvement. Conclusion. Herbst appliance is effective in the treatment of Class II malocclusions, even in adult patients. Dental and skeletal changes as a result of Herbst treatment could be good choice instead of camouflage orthodontics or surgical decision